Journal: Journal of Functional Foods
Article Title: Astragalin protects against lipopolysaccharide-triggered acute liver injury through suppression of necroptosis and inflammation and improvement of energy metabolism
doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2024.106298
Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Astragalin (AST) ameliorated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice by inhibiting necroptosis. (A-B) Western blotting measured the protein levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), and TNFR1-associated death domain protein (TRADD). The relative expression levels were normalized to β-actin. Student’s t-test was performed, n = 3, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, ns denotes no significance. (C-D) AST decreased the number of P-RIPK3 positive cells that was increased by LPS treatment. Student’s t-test was performed, n = 6, *** P < 0.001.
Article Snippet: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content detection kit (#BC0305), lactic acid (LA) content assay kit (#BC2235), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay kit (#BC0685), hexokinase (HK) activity assay kit (#BC0745), pyruvate kinase (PK) activity assay kit (#BC0545) were obtained from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Trizol (total RNA extraction reagent, #R0016), RIPA lysis buffer (strong, #P0013B), and BCA protein assay kit (#P0011) were provided by Beyotime Biotech Inc. Plus All-in-one 1st strand cDNA synthesis supermix (gDNA Purge, #E047-01B) and SYBR qPCR supermix plus (#E096-01B) were obtained from Novoprotein Scientific Inc. We got TNF-α polyclonal antibody (#17590–1-AP), TNFR1associated death domain protein (TRADD) polyclonal antibody (#15468–1-AP), HIF-1α polyclonal antibody (#20960–1-AP), PKM2, muscle2-specific monoclonal antibody (#60268–1-Ig), β-actin recombinant antibody (#81115–1-RR), and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) polyclonal antibody (#28397–1-AP) from Proteintech Group, Inc. Phospho-TBK1 (P-TBK1, Ser172) polyclonal antibody (#BD-PP1527) was provided by Biodragon Co. Ltd. Anti-phospho-RIP family of serinethreonine kinases (Ser166, P-RIPK1) polyclonal antibodies (#31122S), RIPK1 (D94C12) monoclonal antibody (#3493S), RIPK3 (D8J3L) monoclonal antibody (#15828S), and anti-phospho-RIPK3 (Thr231/ Ser232, E7S1R, #91702) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. Anti-phospho-MLKL (Ser345, P-MLKL) monoclonal antibody (#MABC1158) was provided by Merck Millipore Corporation, while MLKL polyclonal antibody (#PA5-71886) was provided by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Bio-Rad Laboratories Co. Ltd provided CD68 monoclonal antibody (#MCA1957).
Techniques: Western Blot, Binding Assay, Expressing